The Texas House will take up what is likely to be its most sweeping attempt at tax reform this year on Tuesday, though for some critics, it doesn’t go far enough.
Lawmakers have been waiting for weeks for House Bill 500, from state Rep. Harvey Hilderbran, R-Kerrville, to reach the floor. The bill would spend nearly $400 million to reduce the burden of the state's franchise tax on businesses, also known as the margins tax. Along with addressing how the tax applies to a handful of industries, the bill would make permanent a popular provision that exempts businesses with less than $1 million in gross receipts from paying the tax annually. The provision is set to expire next year.
"It's a very important part of our agenda this session to make the margins tax fairer and simpler but also give relief to our taxpayers," Hilderbran said in a video he posted last week promoting the bill. Hildebran chairs the House Ways and Means Committee, which oversees tax issues.
The Legislature created the tax in 2006, during a special session, to pay for a property tax cut and address inequities in the school finance system. Ever since, businesses have described it as burdensome or unfair. To make matters worse, the tax has never raised as much as was originally projected, creating what some have described as a “structural deficit” in the state budget. Many Republicans and even some Democrats dislike the franchise tax enough that they would rather do away with it entirely rather than just tweak it.
The franchise tax raised $4.6 billion in the 2012 fiscal year, 10 percent of total state taxes raised, according to the Texas Legislative Council. It’s the second largest tax levied by the state after the sales tax, which makes up just over half of the state’s tax revenue.
Gov. Rick Perry has threatened to call a special session if he does not see “significant tax relief” this session. He has proposed $1.6 billion in tax cuts, including a broad 5 percent cut in franchise tax rates.
Hilderbran’s bill addresses some perceived inequities in the law, such as complaints that it taxes independent auto repair shops differently than those based in a car dealership.
The Texas branch of the National Federation of International Business is among the business groups supporting the narrow tweaks in HB 500 even though they have also lobbied this session for the franchise tax’s outright repeal.
“This legislation is a significant gesture to the community of business owners who have survived a recession, as well as overtaxation and overregulation at every level of government,” NFIB/Texas said in a statement last month.
Yet some argue that the state can’t afford more tax breaks while it is having trouble finding funds for needs such as school funding and transportation. Texas Forward, a liberal coalition of education, labor and health-focused groups, recently criticized state leaders for their advocacy of tax relief measures this session.
“Texas needs to scrub the tax code of outmoded and wasteful tax breaks instead of giving away even more revenue,” the group said in a statement.
By Monday, House members had pre-filed 33 amendments to HB 500. Some would increase or add exemptions to the franchise tax for specific industries including health care providers, concrete manufacturers and movie theaters.
An amendment from state Rep. Yvonne Davis, D-Dallas, would direct the comptroller to study the economic impact of every tax exemption on the books and require the Legislature to periodically vote to keep each exemption from expiring.
Hildebran has several proposed amendments for his own bill including one that would exempt businesses that relocate their headquarters from another state to Texas from paying the tax for three years.
