A law went into effect in Texas this week that increases penalties for demonstrators who interfere with oil and gas pipelines and other pieces of "critical infrastructure."
Oil and gas states have adopted such laws to crack down on demonstrations like the one at Standing Rock, where protesters disrupted construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline. As the legislation was debated in Texas, attention focused on the impact it might have on opposition to the natural gas pipeline planned for the Hill Country.
But the law applies to more than pipelines. It is now a felony in Texas to trespass on “critical infrastructure” to damage property or interfere with operations. “Critical infrastructure” includes pipelines, ports, feedlots, trucking terminals, dams, petrochemical plants and many other facilities. (Find a full list here.)
The law counts as critical infrastructure, a facility or pipeline “that is under construction and all equipment and appurtenances used during that construction.”
It also allows groups to be sued or fined up to a half million dollars for supporting demonstrators.
Industry groups support the law, saying it will increase safety around oil and gas infrastructure.
“There are ways to protest, but don’t do it on a construction site because you could get hurt or hurt somebody else,” Allen Fore, vice president of public affairs for pipeline company Kinder Morgan, told KUT before the law took effect.
But opponents say the law is already having a chilling effect on legally protected protest.
Daphne Silverman, a defense lawyer who has represented protesters, says the statute is overly vague when it comes to what constitutes trespassing, leaving it open to constitutional challenge.
For example, she says, the law applies not only in places where there is a barrier “obviously designed to exclude intruders” from an area, but also to “equipment and appurtenances” used in the construction of pipelines and other facilities.
“Normally you have to be able to see whether or not you can go on this property,” she says.
She says other portions of the statute may be difficult to prosecute. For example, it criminalizes trespassing with “intent” to disrupt or damage infrastructure.
“Even in conspiracy cases, there [has to be a crime] committed by members of the conspiracy before it can be charged,” she says. “So I’m going to be curious to see how prosecutors are going to charge this.”
Nonetheless, if the goal of the new law is to dissuade people from protesting, Silverman believes it is already working.
“I do have some nonprofit clients and I know that they are concerned about their own liability for any protest support at this stage,” she says.
